Abstract: The paper introduced the current situation of coal science and technology development in China; combined with the new situations of science and technology development of coal enterprises, analyzed the existing problems of coal enterprises during the science and technology development; discussed the ideas, directions and measures of science and technology development of China's coal enterprises under the strategy of innovation-driven development. Finally, this paper pointed out that coal enterprises should take their advantages and disadvantages to make some appropriate and suitable strategies of science and technology development, set the idea and direction of science and technology development, implement the following measures: perfect the scientific and technological innovation system, increase the scientific and technological input, cultivate science and technology talents, protect independent intellectual property rights, strengthen scientific and technological achievement transformation, so as to achieve scientific and technological progress and promote transformation and upgrading development of coal enterprises.